Relationship between gut microbiota and brain

The gut microbiota, also known as gut flora, is a complex microbial ecosystem present in our gastrointestinal tract that plays a crucial role in our health and well-being.

Although long regarded as merely a collection of micro-organisms, it is now recognised as a vital component of our body that interacts intimately with our immune system, metabolism and other body systems.

Understanding the importance of the gut microbiota is essential to reap the benefits it can bring to our health.

What is the gut microbiota?

The gut microbiota refers to the set of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria, but also viruses and fungi, that inhabit our gut. These microorganisms coexist in symbiosis with our body, benefiting each other.

The gut microbiota develops from birth and is mainly established during the first years of life. As we grow older, the composition of the microbiota can be affected by factors such as:

• Diet.
• The environment.
• Lifestyle.
• The use of medicines.
• Stress

Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse components of the gut microbiota. It is estimated that billions of bacteria belonging to thousands of different species reside in our gut. These bacteria perform a variety of functions, such as fermenting certain non-digestible foods, producing vitamins, strengthening the immune system and protecting against pathogenic micro-organisms.

In addition to bacteria, viruses and fungi also exist in the gut microbiota, although in smaller numbers. Viruses found in the gut are mainly bacteriophages, which infect and control bacterial populations. Fungi include species such as Candida and Saccharomyces, which play important roles in fermentation and gut health.

Interaction between gut microbiota and the brain

The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is established through what is known as the gut-brain axis. This two-way communication system involves a constant interaction between the two systems, mediated by biochemical, neural and immunological signals.

The gut-brain axis relies on communication between the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is the network of nerves that controls gut functions. These two systems are connected by the vagus nerve, a major pathway of communication between the gut and the brain.

Importance of the link between gut microbiota and brain

Modulating the immune response and systemic inflammation

The gut microbiota plays a key role in this interaction. Its constituent microorganisms produce a wide range of metabolites and bioactive compounds that can influence brain function and behaviour. In addition, the gut microbiota has the ability to modulate the immune response and systemic inflammation, which may have direct effects on the brain.

Produce neurotransmitters

Communication between the microbiota and the brain takes place through multiple mechanisms. One of these is the production of neurotransmitters and neuroactive molecules by gut bacteria. These substances can act directly on nerve cells in the enteric nervous system and be transmitted to the brain via neuronal or blood pathways.

Influencing blood-brain barrier function

structure that protects the brain from harmful substances. Dysfunction of this barrier may allow metabolites or toxins derived from gut bacteria to pass into the brain, which may have consequences for brain function and mood.

Scientific studies have shown that imbalances in gut microbiota, such as dysbiosis, have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism and Parkinson’s disease. These findings support the hypothesis that a healthy and balanced gut microbiota is crucial for mental well-being and cognitive functioning.

Factors affecting the gut microbiota and brain

Aspects to be taken into account to optimise the composition of the microbiota and its impact on brain health are:

a) Diet. Diet plays a crucial role in the composition of the gut microbiota. A diet rich in fibre, fruits, vegetables and fermented foods promotes bacterial diversity and gut health. On the other hand, a diet high in saturated fats, refined sugars and processed foods can negatively alter the microbiota and contribute to systemic inflammation, which can affect brain health and increase the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders.

b) Stress. Chronic stress can have a significant impact on the gut microbiota. Stress releases hormones that can alter bacterial composition and increase gut permeability. This can allow toxins and inflammatory compounds to enter the bloodstream and affect brain health, contributing to disorders such as anxiety and depression.

c) Antibiotics. While antibiotics are important for treating infections, they can also have negative effects on the gut microbiota. These drugs can alter the diversity and balance of gut bacteria, which can have an impact on brain health. Disruption of the microbiota due to overuse or inappropriate use of antibiotics has been found to be associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders.

d) Lifestyle. Factors such as lack of adequate sleep, lack of physical activity and excessive alcohol or tobacco consumption can negatively affect the composition of the microbiota and thus have an impact on brain health. A balanced lifestyle, including good sleep habits, regular exercise and moderation in alcohol and tobacco consumption, can promote a healthy gut microbiota and, consequently, better brain health.

Strategies for maintaining a healthy gut microbiota

a) Balanced diet. Prioritising a diet rich in whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and fermented foods, can promote a healthy gut microbiota. These foods provide prebiotic fibre that feeds beneficial bacteria and supports their growth.

b) Stress reduction. Incorporating stress management techniques, such as meditation, deep breathing, regular exercise and time to relax, can help maintain a balanced gut microbiota and protect brain health.

c) Appropriate use of antibiotics. It is important to use antibiotics responsibly and under the supervision of a health professional. If antibiotics are necessary, consider supplementing with probiotics to help restore the microbiota after use.

d) Healthy lifestyle. Maintaining a balanced lifestyle that includes sufficient rest, regular physical activity and avoiding excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption can help optimise the microbiota and thus our physical and mental health.

How to ensure internal balance

The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is becoming increasingly evident and is recognised as a crucial factor in brain health. Maintaining a balanced gut microbiota is essential to promote optimal mental and cognitive health.

To promote a healthy gut microbiota, it is important to adopt some simple but effective strategies. One is to eat a balanced, fibre-rich diet. Eating fresh foods, such as fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains, provides necessary nutrients and prebiotic fibre that feeds beneficial bacteria in the gut.

In addition, including probiotic foods in the diet, such as yoghurt, kefir and sauerkraut, can help maintain a proper balance of microorganisms in the gut microbiota. These foods contain beneficial bacteria that can colonise the gut and promote healthy microbial diversity.

In addition, the consumption of prebiotic foods, such as onions, garlic, asparagus and artichokes, provides the necessary substrate for the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the gut.

In addition to diet, reducing stress and adopting stress management techniques such as meditation, regular exercise and time to relax can also help maintain a balanced gut microbiota and protect brain health.

Let’s remember that food can be our ally in caring for brain health, and supplements are a useful tool to ensure a proper balance. Prioritising the health of our gut microbiota not only benefits our digestive system, but also contributes to a healthier brain and a better quality of life in general. What are you waiting for to complete a balanced diet with Silicum G7 Original? As well as taking care of your insides, it improves your ability to recover after sporting activity and strengthens the health of your hair, skin and nails.