Scaly skin: what is it, what causes it and how to combat it?

Scaly skin is a common problem that can affect any part of the body, causing discomfort such as tightness, itching and visible flaking. Although it is often related to dry skin, it can also be a symptom of conditions such as psoriasis, dermatitis or fungal infections.  To treat this condition and apply the appropriate treatment, the first step is to identify the cause. 

What is scaly skin and why does it occur?

Scaly skin is a condition in which dead cells from the outermost layer of the skin flake off in the form of visible scales. This flaking can affect any part of the body and is often accompanied by a rough texture, itching, tightness or even inflammation in more severe cases.

Although dryness is one of the main reasons behind this problem, there are multiple factors that can trigger it, from dermatological diseases to adverse environmental conditions.

The most common symptoms include the appearance of small whitish or yellowish scales, skin that feels rough to the touch, localised redness and, in some cases, painful cracks. Lack of hydration, use of harsh products, exposure to cold or wind and certain skin conditions such as psoriasis or dermatitis can aggravate scaling.

If scaly skin persists for more than two weeks without improvement, if open wounds, bleeding or signs of infection appear, or if redness and pain are severe, a dermatologist should be consulted. Early diagnosis allows the exact cause to be identified and appropriate treatment to be applied before the problem worsens or develops into major complications.

Main causes of scaly skin

As we have seen, flaky skin can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from dry skin to dermatological diseases and unhealthy habits.

 In most cases, it is a loss of moisture and lipids in the skin, which weakens its natural barrier and promotes flaking. Factors such as dry or cold weather, the use of harsh soaps, hot baths and ageing can contribute to this problem.

Lack of internal hydration also plays an important role, as insufficient water intake can cause the skin to lose elasticity and become more prone to dryness.

Another common cause of scaly skin is related to dermatological diseases. Psoriasis, for example, is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes red patches covered with white scales. They are often aggravated by stress, infections and cold. To relieve dryness and irritation, the use of specific products such as Silicium G7 Soriaskin Gel, a cream with Organic Silicon and Echinacea that helps regenerate and protect the skin without leaving a greasy residue, is recommended.

Other conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and seborrhoeic dermatitis, can also cause flaking, especially on the scalp and oily areas of the face.

In addition, external factors such as excessive sun exposure, pollution and the use of harsh exfoliants can weaken the skin and increase its tendency to flake. Maintaining a balanced diet, reducing stress and avoiding smoking and alcohol are key measures to improve skin health and prevent flaking.

How to treat scaly skin effectively

Treatment of scaly skin is based on restoring the skin barrier, maintaining hydration and avoiding irritants that can worsen flaking. To do this, it is essential to follow a proper care routine that combines intensive moisturisation, gentle hygiene and the use of natural remedies to help soothe and regenerate the skin.

Adequate hydration

Moisturising is the most important step in treating flaky skin, as it helps to restore the protective barrier and prevent excessive water loss. Moisturising products should contain ingredients that retain moisture and strengthen the skin.

Recommended ingredients include the following:

• Urea: gently exfoliates and helps to retain water in the skin.
  • Hyaluronic acid: attracts and maintains moisture, improving elasticity.
  • Ceramides: reinforce the skin barrier and prevent water evaporation.
  • Glycerin: deeply moisturises and protects against dryness.

It is recommended to apply the moisturiser after showering, when the skin is still damp, to seal in the moisture. In addition, in cases of very dry skin, the application should be repeated several times a day, especially on the most affected areas.

Hygiene routine care

Inadequate hygiene can make flaky skin worse, stripping it of its natural oils and increasing irritation. Making a few changes to your daily routine can make a big difference to skin health.

To begin with, avoid using very hot water in showers or baths, as it removes the skin’s natural lipids and aggravates dryness. It is also important not to use soaps with sulphates and fragrances, which can be too aggressive and cause further irritation.

Recommended alternatives include mild, pH-balanced cleansers, preferably without fragrances or alcohol, and short baths with lukewarm water. In fact, it is important to avoid prolonged exposure to water, as it can dehydrate the skin.

Natural and home remedies

Some natural ingredients can complement the treatment of flaky skin and help soothe irritation and improve hydration.

• Coconut oil: acts as a natural emollient, locking in moisture and soothing dry skin. It can be applied directly to the affected areas after bathing.
• Aloe vera: has soothing and regenerating properties, ideal for soothing irritation and promoting healing of peeling skin. It is recommended to use the pure gel directly on clean skin.
• Homemade masks: mixtures such as honey and oatmeal, or olive oil with avocado, can provide intense hydration and smooth skin texture. Applying them once or twice a week can improve the appearance of flaky skin.

Tips to prevent flaky skin

Preventing flaky skin is easier than treating it once it appears. Maintaining a consistent care routine and adopting healthy habits can make all the difference in moisturising and protecting your skin.

To begin with, applying emollient-rich creams daily helps to reinforce the skin barrier and prevent water loss. Ingredients such as ceramides, urea and hyaluronic acid are essential to retain moisture and keep skin soft.

The environment also influences skin health. The use of humidifiers in enclosed spaces helps to counteract the dryness caused by heating and air conditioning, preventing excessive evaporation of water from the skin. In addition, protection from the sun is key to preventing skin dehydration and cell damage. Applying sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, even on cloudy days, reduces the negative impact of UV radiation.

Not forgetting that diet plays a key role. Eating foods rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, nuts and green leafy vegetables, strengthens the skin from the inside. Avoiding harsh products, such as soaps with sulphates or alcohol, helps to preserve the skin’s natural oils. Finally, staying well hydrated by drinking enough water every day contributes to skin that is more supple and resistant to flaking.

Scaly skin: caring for it is much more than moisturisation

Caring for flaky skin is not just a matter of applying moisturisers when dryness becomes apparent. It is an ongoing process that requires attention, consistency and the ability to adapt to the skin’s changing needs. The skin acts as a protective barrier against the environment, so keeping it healthy goes beyond aesthetics – it is a matter of overall well-being.

Hydration is essential, of course, but it is not the only solution. As we have seen, factors such as diet, stress and rest influence cell regeneration and the skin’s ability to retain moisture. Over the years, the skin’s needs change, and with them, the way it should be cared for. Consulting a dermatologist when flaking persists or worsens is essential to prevent complications. Investing in skin care is investing in health and quality of life.

Your skin is always with you, so take care of it.