Stomach pain: common causes and how to treat them

Stomach pain is one of the most common discomforts that can affect people of all ages. Throughout our lives, we are likely to experience some form of abdominal discomfort, whether mild or severe. This type of pain can be caused by a wide range of factors, from simple indigestion to more serious conditions that require immediate medical attention. In this article, we’ll explore the most common causes of abdominal pain, when to be concerned, and what remedies or treatments can alleviate it.

What is stomach pain?

Stomach pain, also known as abdominal pain, refers to any discomfort or painful sensation experienced in the region between the chest and pelvis. This pain may be mild or severe, intermittent or constant, and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as bloating, nausea, vomiting or general discomfort. Sometimes abdominal pain can radiate to other parts of the body, such as the back, making it difficult to identify its exact origin.

Abdominal pain can be classified into different types according to its location (left, right, upper, or lower abdominal pain) and the nature of the pain (stabbing, cramping, constant or intermittent). Identifying these characteristics can be key to determining the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.

Common causes of stomach pain

Stomach pain can have a variety of causes, from minor problems to conditions that require medical attention. Some of the most common causes include:

Indigestion

Indigestion, or dyspepsia, is a common cause of abdominal pain, especially after meals. Symptoms often include a feeling of fullness, heartburn and discomfort in the upper abdomen. Indigestion can be caused by overeating, eating fatty or spicy foods, or eating too quickly. It can also be related to stress and anxiety.

Gases

Gas accumulation in the digestive tract is another common cause of abdominal pain. This can cause a feeling of bloating or pressure in the abdomen, often accompanied by belching or flatulence. Gas can result from swallowing air when eating or drinking, as well as from the fermentation of certain foods in the intestine. Some foods that tend to cause gas include legumes, carbonated beverages and cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli.

Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines, often caused by viral or bacterial infections. Symptoms usually include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. Viral gastroenteritis, commonly known as “stomach flu”, can be highly contagious, especially in closed environments such as schools or day care centres.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux

Gastro-oesophageal reflux occurs when acid from the stomach backs up into the oesophagus, causing a burning or heartburn sensation. The pain may be felt in the upper abdomen or chest, sometimes mistaken for a heart attack. Reflux is most common after large meals or when lying down just after eating. Diet and lifestyle changes can help control symptoms, although in some cases medication is required.

Gastric ulcers

Ulcers are open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or small intestine. They can cause abdominal pain that is often worse on an empty stomach. Ulcers can result from Helicobacter pylori infection or long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Treatment usually includes medications to reduce stomach acidity and, if necessary, antibiotics to treat the infection.

Colic

Colic is usually caused by contraction of the muscles of the intestinal tract and is most common in infants, although adults can also experience colic, especially in cases of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Colic can cause severe pain, cramping and general discomfort in the abdomen.

Food intolerances

Food intolerances, such as lactose or gluten intolerance, can cause abdominal pain, bloating, gas and diarrhoea. Unlike food allergies, which can trigger severe reactions, food intolerances are often more annoying than dangerous. Identifying and eliminating trigger foods can alleviate symptoms.

When should we be concerned?

In most cases, stomach pain is not a cause for alarm if it occurs occasionally and disappears quickly. However, there are certain cases in which it is important to see a doctor:

• Sudden, severe, severe abdominal pain that comes on suddenly may indicate serious problems, such as appendicitis or a perforated ulcer.
• Prolonged pain: If the pain lasts for several hours without improvement, it is advisable to seek medical attention.
• High fever: If abdominal pain is accompanied by fever, this could indicate an infection, such as a kidney infection or peritonitis.
• Persistent vomiting: Especially if vomiting is repeated and contains blood, which could be a sign of an ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Localised pain: Localised pain, such as in the lower right side of the abdomen, could be a sign of appendicitis. This type of pain requires urgent medical attention.
• Accompanying symptoms: If abdominal pain is accompanied by unexplained weight loss, changes in bowel habits (chronic diarrhoea or constipation), or blood in the stool, it is important to have a medical evaluation to rule out more serious diseases such as colon cancer.

Possible treatments for stomach pain

Treatment of stomach pain depends on its underlying cause. For mild pains, usually related to digestion, some tips may include:

• Healthy eating: Eating a balanced diet rich in fibre can improve digestion and prevent problems such as constipation.
• Adequate hydration: Drinking enough water is crucial, especially if you experience symptoms such as diarrhoea or vomiting, which can lead to dehydration.
• Eat slowly and chew well: This helps prevent indigestion and gas, allowing the stomach to process food better.
• Reduce stress: Anxiety and stress can aggravate digestive problems, so relaxation techniques such as yoga or meditation can be beneficial.
• Regular exercise: Maintaining moderate physical activity helps to improve intestinal transit, avoiding problems such as constipation or colic.
• Taking care of defences: One of the most important functions of the digestive system is to act as an immune barrier, as 80% of our body’s defences are found in the intestine. Taking extra care of our immune system with supplements such as G7® Defender helps to promote the body’s ability to respond to adverse situations and helps to maintain optimal energy levels during recovery.
• Medications: While there are many over-the-counter medications that can relieve stomach pain, it is important to consult a doctor before self-medicating. Antacids, for example, can be helpful in cases of heartburn, but are not suitable for all conditions.

Stomach pain, a common discomfort

Stomach pain, while common, can have multiple causes, from mild conditions to more serious problems that require medical attention. Listening to your body and paying attention to associated symptoms is key to determining when it is necessary to seek professional help. With good nutrition, healthy habits and, in some cases, medical treatment, most digestive problems can be effectively prevented or alleviated.